Blog

<h2>Understanding the NDIS: An Expert Overview</h2>
<p>The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a significant initiative in Australia, designed to provide support to people with disabilities. As it continues to evolve, individuals often have questions about how it works and who can benefit from it. In this post, we address some of the top questions about the NDIS, drawing on insights from experts in the field.</p>

<figure id="figure-ieedgdk6nrmdsosjuh"><img id="ieedgdk6nrmdsosjuh" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1146964934/photo/person-giving-support-to-other-person.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=SZyPQxvmlV0T75rTAkopNUqfRhPLwIlnUyq0mkS25h0=" alt="ndis support" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h3>What is the NDIS?</h3>
<p>The NDIS is a government-funded program that provides financial support to individuals with a permanent and significant disability. Its primary goal is to improve the lives of participants by offering funding for essential services and supports that are tailored to their individual needs.</p>
<p>This scheme is unique in its person-centered approach, allowing participants to have control over how they use their funding. It enables them to choose the services and providers that best suit their personal circumstances.</p>

<h3>Who is eligible for NDIS support?</h3>
<p>Eligibility for the NDIS is determined based on several criteria. To qualify, an individual must:</p>
<ul>
    <li>Be under 65 years of age at the time of application.</li>
    <li>Have an Australian residency status.</li>
    <li>Have a permanent and significant disability that affects their ability to participate in everyday activities.</li>
</ul>
<p>Potential participants undergo an assessment process to evaluate their eligibility and specific needs. This ensures that resources are allocated effectively to those who need them most.</p>

<figure id="figure-wmjd29u2qjmdsosjuh"><img id="wmjd29u2qjmdsosjuh" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/890556866/photo/hand-writing-text-caption-inspiration-showing-eligibility-concept-meaning-suitable-eligible.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=zGpgy1idGxS467AlGpm0kEMPRjsWcLOhocK3ikDJNEs=" alt="ndis eligibility" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h3>What types of support does the NDIS provide?</h3>
<p>The NDIS offers a wide range of supports, which can be broadly classified into three categories:</p>
<ol>
    <li><strong>Core Supports:</strong> Assistance with daily activities, transport, and consumables.</li>
    <li><strong>Capacity Building Supports:</strong> Services aimed at helping participants build skills and independence.</li>
    <li><strong>Capital Supports:</strong> Funding for equipment and home modifications that facilitate better living conditions.</li>
</ol>

<h3>How does one apply for the NDIS?</h3>
<p>Applying for the NDIS involves several steps. Initially, potential participants should contact the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA) to discuss their eligibility. Following this, they may need to provide supporting documents, such as medical reports and assessments, to substantiate their application.</p>
<p>If deemed eligible, participants work with a planner to develop an individualized plan that outlines their goals and the supports required to achieve them. This plan is reviewed periodically to ensure it continues to meet their changing needs.</p>

<figure id="figure-7zawuxwjrhmdsosjuh"><img id="7zawuxwjrhmdsosjuh" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2165904002/photo/online-application-form-on-mobile-phone.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=BUfxVkP0sVJYSncMTElZbgLRtzmi4Fupm4dG2qUq8ng=" alt="ndis application" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h3>What should participants expect during the planning meeting?</h3>
<p>The planning meeting is a crucial component of the NDIS process. During this meeting, participants discuss their goals, current supports, and future needs with an NDIS planner or Local Area Coordinator (LAC). It is an opportunity for individuals to express their preferences and ensure their plan aligns with their aspirations.</p>
<p>Experts advise coming prepared with documentation and having a clear understanding of what you want from your NDIS plan. This preparation can help facilitate a productive discussion and result in a more tailored plan.</p>

<h3>How can participants manage their NDIS funding?</h3>
<p>Participants have several options for managing their NDIS funds:</p>
<ul>
    <li><strong>Self-management:</strong> Participants control their funds and payments themselves.</li>
    <li><strong>Plan management:</strong> A registered provider manages the funds on behalf of the participant.</li>
    <li><strong>NDIA management:</strong> The NDIA handles all payments directly to providers.</li>
</ul>
<p>The choice depends on the participant's preferences and capacity to manage finances. Each option offers different levels of control and administrative responsibility.</p>

<figure id="figure-pd1d2n7rbbmdsosjuh"><img id="pd1d2n7rbbmdsosjuh" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1266552746/photo/crisis-management-website-banner-solution-crisis-identity-planning-concept-mixed-media.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=17YSuEY2rCOxOYJqPLwAyI3Bvi2kkP60INNueh07eg4=" alt="ndis management" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<p>The NDIS has transformed how disability support is delivered in Australia, offering greater choice and flexibility for individuals with disabilities. By understanding its key components and processes, participants can make informed decisions and access the supports they need to lead fulfilling lives.</p>

A Day in the Life of a Disability Support Worker

<h2>What is the NDIS?</h2>
<p>The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a revolutionary program in Australia designed to support individuals with disabilities. Established in 2013, it provides funding directly to eligible participants, enabling them to access a range of services tailored to their unique needs. The NDIS aims to enhance the lives of those living with disabilities by promoting greater independence and community involvement.</p>

<p>This comprehensive guide is intended for families navigating the NDIS landscape for the first time. Whether you’re seeking support for a child, sibling, or another family member, understanding the ins and outs of the scheme is crucial for maximizing its benefits.</p>

<figure id="figure-4qhzhcuo5mdk459c4"><img id="4qhzhcuo5mdk459c4" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2187035487/photo/grandparents-playing-with-his-grandchild-on-the-sofa.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=cpNbJHlw6o9E8o8eQNzQ5VJOureYhr6yNzeMdtbg4XM=" alt="ndis family support" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h2>Eligibility Criteria</h2>
<p>To access NDIS funding, individuals must meet certain eligibility criteria. Key requirements include:</p>

<ul>
    <li>The individual must be under 65 years of age when applying.</li>
    <li>They must be an Australian citizen, permanent resident, or hold a Protected Special Category Visa.</li>
    <li>The individual must have a permanent and significant disability that affects their daily life.</li>
</ul>

<p>Meeting these criteria ensures that the NDIS can effectively allocate resources to those most in need, providing them with the necessary support and services.</p>

<h2>Creating a Plan</h2>
<p>Once eligibility is confirmed, the next step is creating a personalized NDIS plan. This plan outlines the individual’s goals and the support required to achieve them. It is usually developed in collaboration with an NDIS planner or Local Area Coordinator (LAC).</p>

<p>The planning process involves assessing current needs and future goals, identifying necessary supports, and determining the appropriate funding to achieve these objectives. Families play a crucial role in this stage, providing valuable insights into the participant’s needs.</p>

<figure id="figure-spjjmjebn7mdk459c4"><img id="spjjmjebn7mdk459c4" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1128807830/photo/business-people-meeting-with-a-financial-planner.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=sTk_3BSTAzOAmWLzGkXG0LhjC-Xav5laDsVesrsmIgo=" alt="ndis planning meeting" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h3>Reviewing and Managing the Plan</h3>
<p>An NDIS plan is not static; it evolves as the participant's needs change. Regular reviews ensure that the plan remains relevant and effective. Participants and their families can request a review if their circumstances change significantly or if they are dissatisfied with their current support arrangements.</p>

<h2>Types of Support</h2>
<p>The NDIS provides funding across several categories, each designed to address different aspects of an individual's life. These categories include:</p>

<ol>
    <li><strong>Core Supports:</strong> Daily activities and consumables.</li>
    <li><strong>Capital Supports:</strong> Assistive technologies and home modifications.</li>
    <li><strong>Capacity Building:</strong> Skills development and training.</li>
</ol>

<p>Understanding these categories helps families identify which supports are most relevant to their needs and how best to allocate their funding.</p>

<figure id="figure-odvehmggxamdk459c4"><img id="odvehmggxamdk459c4" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2180754985/photo/friends-with-disabilities-enjoying-a-joyful-outdoor-gathering.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=TCOOMN-5ygRzK5INYQ6OR6vtoORWtSBDtyFcEMHRZlM=" alt="disability support activities" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h2>The Role of Service Providers</h2>
<p>Service providers play a crucial role in delivering NDIS-funded supports. These professionals offer a wide range of services, from therapy and nursing care to social and community activities. Selecting the right providers is essential for ensuring that participants receive high-quality care that aligns with their goals.</p>

<p>Families can choose from registered and unregistered providers, allowing flexibility in finding services that best meet their needs. Engaging with trusted providers can significantly enhance the NDIS experience.</p>

<h2>Navigating Challenges</h2>
<p>While the NDIS offers substantial benefits, navigating the system can be challenging. Common issues include understanding complex jargon, managing budgets, and staying informed about policy updates. Seeking support from advocacy groups or professional advisors can be beneficial in overcoming these challenges.</p>

<p>For many families, connecting with others who have similar experiences provides additional support and insights. Sharing experiences and strategies can help ease the journey through the NDIS process.</p>

<figure id="figure-ds68lq56ehmdk459c4"><img id="ds68lq56ehmdk459c4" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1185687017/photo/people-at-meeting.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=ULBk5-4wsc5J3pR--fn9j4UUdMVfzZJH9AQGaHP6lZs=" alt="disability support group" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

Understanding the NDIS: A Comprehensive Guide for Families

<h2>Understanding NDIS and Disability Support</h2>

<p>The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a cornerstone of support for many Australians living with disabilities. Despite its wide-reaching impact, there are several misconceptions about what the NDIS entails and how it functions. These misunderstandings can lead to confusion and hinder individuals from accessing the support they need. In this blog post, we'll address some of the most common misconceptions surrounding the NDIS and disability support.</p>

<figure id="figure-wo023q56kmdfttsim"><img id="wo023q56kmdfttsim" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1128807826/photo/business-people-meeting-with-a-financial-planner.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=GTNkHg14cVisgckXXNGTDa_9QoXg0XJUjJT7_pku8jw=" alt="ndis meeting" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h3>Misconception 1: NDIS is Only for Physical Disabilities</h3>

<p>One prevalent misconception is that the NDIS only supports those with physical disabilities. In reality, the NDIS covers a broad spectrum of disabilities, including intellectual, sensory, cognitive, and psychosocial disabilities. The scheme is designed to cater to the diverse needs of participants, ensuring they receive tailored support to improve their quality of life.</p>

<p>By understanding this, individuals with non-physical disabilities can feel encouraged to explore their eligibility for NDIS support. It is crucial for potential participants to know that the scope of the NDIS is comprehensive and inclusive of various disability types.</p>

<h3>Misconception 2: NDIS Funding is Automatic</h3>

<p>Another common misconception is that once someone is deemed eligible for the NDIS, they will automatically receive funding. However, this is not the case. The process involves developing an individualized plan that outlines the specific supports and services required by the participant. It's important to note that funding is allocated based on this personalized plan and not given as a lump sum.</p>

<figure id="figure-60y4eu9ggmdfttsim"><img id="60y4eu9ggmdfttsim" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/864543700/photo/architect-showing-construction-drawing-to-client.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=ZXwCsVt_h6gihSFe6osnU6GO7o91ISpuM53wvYbR8kE=" alt="ndis planning" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<p>Participants work closely with planners to determine their needs and goals, which then informs the level of support they receive. This tailored approach ensures funding is used effectively, providing meaningful outcomes for individuals.</p>

<h3>Misconception 3: NDIS Replaces All Other Support Services</h3>

<p>Some people believe that once they enter the NDIS, they no longer have access to other support services. This misconception can lead to unnecessary stress and confusion. The NDIS is designed to complement existing services, not replace them. Participants can still engage with health services, community programs, and other forms of support alongside their NDIS plan.</p>

<figure id="figure-g1c0p6jzkcmdfttsim"><img id="g1c0p6jzkcmdfttsim" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1437858169/photo/full-length-profile-shot-of-an-airport-worker-pushing-a-mature-man-in-a-wheelchair-at-the.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=l-4lcYs0K84HZzSL2YuMc4JIWKKJ5Z73RwCVZYLCC90=" alt="disability support services" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<p>Understanding this aspect of the NDIS encourages individuals to maintain their existing support networks while benefiting from additional services through their NDIS plan. It highlights the importance of a holistic approach to disability support.</p>

<h3>Misconception 4: The NDIS is Only for Young People</h3>

<p>While it's true that the NDIS places a strong emphasis on supporting children and young people with disabilities, it is not exclusively for them. The scheme is available to eligible Australians aged under 65 years at the time of application. This ensures that adults with disabilities also have access to essential support services tailored to their unique needs.</p>

<p>The misconception that the NDIS is only for young people can prevent adults from exploring their eligibility and receiving necessary assistance. It's vital to spread awareness that the scheme accommodates a wide age range, enabling adults to access tailored support.</p>

<h2>Conclusion</h2>

<p>Dispelling these common misconceptions about the NDIS and disability support is essential for ensuring that individuals can make informed decisions about their care and access the resources available to them. By spreading awareness and providing accurate information, we can help create a more inclusive and supportive environment for all Australians living with disabilities.</p>

Common Misconceptions About NDIS and Disability Support

<h2>Introduction to NDIS Success Stories</h2>
<p>The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia has transformed the lives of many individuals with disabilities, providing them access to necessary services and support. This blog post delves into some inspiring success stories of NDIS participants, showcasing how tailored support can make a significant difference.</p>

<p>The NDIS focuses on individualized care, allowing participants to achieve their personal goals. Through various funding options, participants can access therapies, equipment, and other essential services that contribute to a higher quality of life.</p>

<figure id="figure-tfma649zhhmdbji5q3"><img id="tfma649zhhmdbji5q3" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2174452915/photo/coworkers-having-meeting-in-modern-office.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=Qgva1K3NiWsxm6e5xL9A9Pygt7yloRD6jgGl1oxpVGg=" alt="NDIS participants" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h2>Empowerment Through Personalized Plans</h2>
<p>One of the major strengths of the NDIS is its emphasis on personalized support plans. These plans are designed based on each participant's unique needs and aspirations, ensuring that they receive the right kind of help. For instance, participants can choose from a wide range of supports, including therapies, personal care, and community participation.</p>

<p>Consider the story of Sarah, a young woman with cerebral palsy. With the help of her NDIS plan, Sarah was able to access regular physiotherapy sessions, which significantly improved her mobility. Additionally, she received funding for a customized wheelchair that enhanced her independence.</p>

<figure id="figure-mygvkyelfmdbji5q3"><img id="mygvkyelfmdbji5q3" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1365534802/photo/artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare-new-ai-applications-in-medicine.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=B3lMLgFsIoDclDfquedZzTzNgvvavuB8SEJgCuhzmZE=" alt="personalized care" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h3>Overcoming Barriers to Employment</h3>
<p>Employment is a crucial aspect of self-sufficiency and empowerment for individuals with disabilities. The NDIS offers support to help participants prepare for and find meaningful jobs. This includes job coaching, skill development, and workplace modifications.</p>

<p>John's journey is a testament to this support. Diagnosed with autism, John faced challenges in traditional employment settings. Through his NDIS plan, he received job coaching and was placed in a supportive work environment that understood his needs. Today, John works at a local library, where he enjoys interacting with the community and contributing his skills.</p>

<figure id="figure-jwg8uwghgbmdbji5q4"><img id="jwg8uwghgbmdbji5q4" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1053017876/photo/a-businessman-in-blue-shirt-is-holding-a-magnifying.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=7ou8pq-JHOGIvUo02wPfsRohS1xaVT7tUlZX8R_-eso=" alt="employment support" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h2>Enhancing Social Connections</h2>
<p>Social isolation can be a significant issue for individuals with disabilities. The NDIS encourages community participation and social engagement through various programs tailored to individual needs. Participants can join clubs, attend workshops, and engage in community events.</p>

<p>Emma's experience highlights the importance of social inclusion. With funding from her NDIS plan, she joined an art class where she discovered a passion for painting. This not only boosted her confidence but also allowed her to form lasting friendships with fellow artists.</p>

<h3>Access to Innovative Technologies</h3>
<p>The NDIS also provides access to cutting-edge technologies that aid daily living and communication. Participants can benefit from modern tools that facilitate independence and improve quality of life.</p>

<p>For example, Michael, who has limited vision, received assistance through the NDIS to acquire a state-of-the-art screen reader and magnification software. This technology enabled him to continue his education and pursue a career in information technology.</p>

<figure id="figure-o0ubn5mg3hmdbji5q4"><img id="o0ubn5mg3hmdbji5q4" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2158456656/photo/woman-with-cerebral-palsy-works-on-a-specialized-computer-mouse.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=uUXrfBJRzsEJkrhiISTw9FqeOJ8OHPWa-9FNqR9ar0A=" alt="assistive technology" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h2>Conclusion: A Pathway to Independence</h2>
<p>The success stories of NDIS participants underscore the program's impact on fostering independence and improving lives. By offering personalized support and access to essential resources, the NDIS empowers individuals to overcome challenges and achieve their dreams.</p>

<p>The transformative power of the NDIS is evident in the stories shared here, highlighting how strategic support can lead to remarkable outcomes. As more individuals tap into these resources, we can anticipate even greater success stories emerging from Australia's disability community.</p>

Case Study: Success Stories of NDIS Participants in Australia

<h2>Understanding the NDIS: A Brief Overview</h2>
<p>The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is an Australian government initiative designed to provide support to individuals with disabilities, their families, and carers. Despite its noble intentions and substantial benefits, numerous misconceptions surround the NDIS, leading to confusion and uncertainty among potential participants. In this post, we aim to dispel some of the most common myths associated with the NDIS.</p>

<figure id="figure-nd48s28swmd796usq"><img id="nd48s28swmd796usq" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1146964934/photo/person-giving-support-to-other-person.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=SZyPQxvmlV0T75rTAkopNUqfRhPLwIlnUyq0mkS25h0=" alt="ndis support" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h3>Myth 1: The NDIS Is Only for People with Severe Disabilities</h3>
<p>One of the most widespread myths is that the NDIS is only available to individuals with severe disabilities. This is not true. The NDIS supports people with a wide range of disabilities, from physical and intellectual disabilities to sensory and psychosocial conditions. The key criterion is the need for support to achieve personal goals and participate in daily activities.</p>

<h3>Myth 2: You Must Be a Certain Age to Access the NDIS</h3>
<p>Another common misconception is that there is a strict age limit for accessing the NDIS. While it is true that the scheme typically supports individuals aged under 65 when they first apply, it is important to note that once enrolled, participants can continue receiving support beyond this age. This ensures that individuals do not lose access to crucial services as they age.</p>

<figure id="figure-407d5qp0jfmd796usq"><img id="407d5qp0jfmd796usq" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1798830631/photo/happy-multigenerational-people-having-fun-together-in-a-public-park-diversity-concept.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=epyvOoYFdSvcEwaCRBWQGimop8DBTCoYQvUGJWeYUAo=" alt="age diversity" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h3>Myth 3: The NDIS Replaces All Other Disability Services</h3>
<p>Many people mistakenly believe that the NDIS has replaced all other disability services and supports. In reality, the NDIS works alongside existing services, complementing them rather than replacing them. Participants can access mainstream services like healthcare and education while receiving tailored support from the NDIS to meet their unique needs.</p>

<h3>Myth 4: The Application Process Is Too Complicated</h3>
<p>Some individuals are deterred from applying for the NDIS due to the perceived complexity of the application process. While it is true that the process can be detailed, there are numerous resources and support services available to assist applicants. Local area coordinators and disability advocacy organizations can provide guidance and help navigate the application process effectively.</p>

<figure id="figure-mo8byd0azmd796usq"><img id="mo8byd0azmd796usq" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2054515408/photo/satisfaction-document-checklist-database-contract-checkbox-insurance-manager-technology.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=pVDXiA-QiwoGjG0zcmZ0vXjsJ9Kg08w59aH5OPRpNAU=" alt="application process" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h3>Myth 5: The NDIS Determines All Supports for Participants</h3>
<p>A common fallacy is that the NDIS dictates all aspects of a participant's support plan. In fact, the scheme is built around participant choice and control. Individuals work with planners to develop a personalized plan that reflects their specific goals, needs, and preferences. This ensures that participants have a voice in shaping their own support.</p>

<h3>Myth 6: Only Australian Citizens Can Access the NDIS</h3>
<p>It is often thought that only Australian citizens can access the NDIS. However, eligibility extends to Australian citizens, permanent residents, and certain visa holders. This inclusivity ensures that a broader range of individuals with disabilities can benefit from the scheme's support and resources.</p>

<figure id="figure-vm8fh97uemd796usq"><img id="vm8fh97uemd796usq" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1181418271/photo/australian-passport.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=XSJeAagkXmws9Nu7pzEBHM_2Nc9wLhAFnGItRE08TeQ=" alt="australian citizenship" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h2>Conclusion: Empowering Through Knowledge</h2>
<p>By debunking these common myths about the NDIS, we hope to provide clarity and encourage potential participants to explore their eligibility for support. Understanding the facts about the NDIS can empower individuals with disabilities to access the resources they need to lead fulfilling lives. If you or someone you know could benefit from the NDIS, consider reaching out for more information and guidance on starting the application process.</p>

Blog

Top Questions About the NDIS Answered by Experts

A Day in the Life of a Disability Support Worker

Understanding the NDIS: A Comprehensive Guide for Families

Common Misconceptions About NDIS and Disability Support

Case Study: Success Stories of NDIS Participants in Austr...

Myth-Busting: Common Misconceptions About the NDIS